Elastic modulus of reinforced concrete from bending test
,
*
and
Article Sidebar
Full Text: 
PDF
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study demonstrates an experimental approach for direct measurement of RC elastic modulus. This work considered the transformed moment of inertia as an input variable. The planned laboratory study involves subjecting reinforced concrete beams with varying reinforcement ratios from 0.43% to 1.77% and grades of concrete (M7.5, M10, M15, M20) to bending tests. Two equations for elastic modulus determination were developed based on beam theory. The first crack load and the corresponding deflection were measured from the load-deflection curve. The uncracked transformed moment of inertia (Iun,tr), cracking moment (Mcr), and deflection ( at first crack were computed. By substituting the Mcr, and Iun, tr into the deflection equation based on the test setup, the elastic modulus (E) of RC was determined. Results showed that as the concrete grade increases, so does its modulus of elasticity, and it demonstrated a direct correlation between the increase in concrete grade and its modulus of elasticity. It was also observed that as the percentage of reinforcement increases, the elastic modulus of RC increases due to increased flexural stiffness. The derived equations were able to accurately compute the elastic modulus capturing the composite behavior of concrete and reinforcement.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Abdullah, A., Sivakumar, K. G., & Abhishek, K. (2022). Elastic modulus of self-compacting fibre reinforced concrete: Experimental approach and multi-scale simulation. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18, 1-14.
American Concrete Institute. (2014). Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318R-14). Farmington Hills, MI: Author.
Aïtcin, P. -C., & Mehta, P. K. (1990). Effect of coarse aggregate characteristics on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 87(2), 103–107.
Alsalman, A., Dang, C. N., & Micah, W. H. (2019). Mixture-proportioning of economical UHPC mixtures. J. Build. Eng., 27(2020), 100970, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100970
Baalbaki, W., Benmokrane, B., Chaallal, O., & Aïtcin, P.C. (1991). Influence of coarse aggregate on elastic properties of high-performance concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 88(5), 499-503.
Bae, B. I., Choi, H. K., Lee, B. S., & Bang, C. H. (2016). Compressive behavior and mechanical characteristics and their application to stress strain relationship of steel fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2016, 1-11.
Bhargava, P., Sharma, U. K., & Kaushik, S. K. (2006). Compressive stress-strain behavior of small-scale steel fibre reinforced high strength concrete cylinders. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 4(1), 109-121.
Biao, H., & Yu-Fei, W. (2018). Effect of shear span-to-depth ratio on shear strength components of RC beams. Engineering Structures, 168, 770–78.
BS EN 12390-3. (2009). Testing hardened concrete. Compressive strength of test specimens.
Buick, D. & Graham, W. O. (2012). Steel designers’ manual (7th ed.). The Steel Construction Institute.
Choi, B. S., Oh, B. H., & Scanlon, A. (2002). Probabilistic assessment of ACI 318 minimum thickness requirements for one-way members. ACI Structural Journal, 99(3), 344–351.
Christensen, R. M. & Lo, K. H, (2002). Solutions for effective shear properties in three phase sphere and cylinder models. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 27(I4), 315-330.
Chu, H. Y. L., Gao, J. J., Qin, J. Y., Jiang, J. Y., Jiang, & D. Q. W. (2022). Mechanical properties and microstructure of ultra-high-performance concrete with high elastic modulus. Construct. Build. Mater, 335.
BS EN 197-1: (2011). Cement. Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. London: BSI Standards Publication.
Gutierrez, P. A., & Canovas, M. F. (1995). The modulus of elasticity of high-performance concrete. Materials and Structures, 28(10), 559-568.
James, K. W., & James, G. M. (2012). Reinforced concrete mechanics and design (6th ed.). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
Jin, X., & Li, Z. (2003). Effects of mineral admixture on properties of young concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 15(5) 435-442.
Krystian, J., & Stefania, G. (2015). The influence of concrete composition on Young's modulus. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 7th Scientific-Technical Conference Material Problems in Civil Engineering, Procedia Engineering 108, 584 – 591.
Kulkarni, S. K. Shiyekar, M. R. Shiyekar S. M. (2014). Elastic properties of RCC under flexural loading-experimental and analytical approach. Indian Academy of Sciences Sadhana, 39(3), 677–697.
Lee, B. J., Kee, S. H., Oh, T., & Kim, Y. Y. (2015). Effect of cylinder size on the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of concrete from static and dynamic tests. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 1-12.
Nakin, S., Salam, W., & Ahmed, A. (2018). Evaluation of elastic modulus of fiber-reinforced concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 115(2), 239 249.
Peter, S., & Shuaib, A., (2000). Effect of transition zone on the elastic behavior of cement-based composites. Cement and Concrete Research, 25(1), 165-176.
Richard, M. C. (2002). A critical evaluation for a class of micro-mechanics models. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 38(3), 379-404.
Satya, P., Mohd, K. K., Imran, A. & Rajiv, B. (2016). Study of modulus of elasticity of RC beam under flexural loading using ANSYS. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7(3), 1335-1344.
Yang, C. C. A. (1998). Effect of the transition zone on the elastic moduli of mortar. Cement and Concrete Research, 28(5), 727-736.
Yazdi, J. S., Kalantary, F., & Yazdi, H. S. (2013). Prediction of elastic modulus of concrete using support vector committee method. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25(1), 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000507