Longan and rambutan in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: A review of technologies to improve flowering and fruit setting

Tran Van Hau * and Tran Sy Hieu

* Corresponding author (tvhau@ctu.edu.vn)

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Received: 20 Mar 2018
Revised: 08 Jun 2018
Accepted: 29 Mar 2019
Published: 30 Mar 2019
DOI: 10.22144/ctu.jen.2019.002
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Tran, V. H., & Tran, S. H. (2019). Longan and rambutan in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: A review of technologies to improve flowering and fruit setting. CTU Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development , 11(1), 7-23. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2019.002
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Vol. 11 No. 1 (2019)

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Abstract

This review was aimed to focus on the management techniques relating to flowering and fruit set phenology of longan, and rambutan. For longan, there have been three common cultivars grown in the Mekong delta (MD), viz. ‘Tieu Da Bo’, ’Xuong Com Vang’ and ‘E-Daw’ (originated from Thailand). Their characteristics of flowering and fruit development are relatively different. The crop season of ‘Tieu Da Bo’ cultivar occurs within only 7.5-8.0 months, since the trees only need two leaf flushes before being able to be induced for flowering. As for the ‘Xuong Com Vang’ cultivar, three leaf flushes should be completed prior to the floral induction. Fruit development of ‘E-Daw’ cultivar is relatively long, within 4.0-4.5 month. Therefore, the crop season of ‘Xuong Com Vang’ and ‘E-Daw’ usually extends to almost 12 months. The most common flowering induction technique applied on longan is collar drenching of KClO3 alone (‘E-Daw’) or in combination with branch cincturing (‘Tieu Da Bo’ and ‘Xuong Com Vang’). KClO3 doses and time of application vary depending on the cultivar treated and crop season. For rambutan, the three popular cultivars grown in the MD include ‘Rongrien’ (originated from Thailand), ‘Nhan’, and ‘Java’. The latter is recently the most popular cultivar; and its crop season duration is averagely 9.5-10 months. The duration from fruit set to harvest is 14-16 weeks. Off-season floral induction on rambutan is implemented via the drainage of irrigation ditch combined with plastic mulching covering the growing bed. Another method is to spray Paclobutrazol onto the canopy when color of the third leaf flush is light green (50-60 day-old). To improve fruit set, foliar application of NAA is recommended. The chemical, 30 ppm, can ben spray to a few inflorescences possessing about 30% of blooming flower. In addition, immature fruit drop can also be reduced by the foliar application of 20 – 40 ppm when fruit sized is 4-5 cm ca
Keywords: ‘E-Daw’, fruit set, floral induction, ‘Java’, ‘Rongrien’, Tieu Da Bo’, Xuong Com Vang’

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