Extraction of bioactive compounds and spore powder collection from Ganoderma lucidum

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), commonly known as lingzhi mushroom, contains active compounds known as beta glucans which are polysaccharides with immune-boosting effects. The complex sugars found in Ganoderma lucidum may stop growth and prevent the spread of cancer cells. It is also rich in phenolic compounds, which prevent the oxidative damage induced by free radicals generated in body cells. The content of this paper including (i) optimization extracting process based on the experimental design of time (15-45 minutes) and temperature (70-130oC) and (ii) fermentation of G. lucidum spore with Lactobacillus plantarum for breaking spore wall from 24 to 72 hours. Spores with broken walls can release the effective ingredients. Response surface methodology was successfully applied to describe the relationship between polysaccharide, phenol compounds content and extraction temperature and time. The quadratic models for both polysaccharide and phenol compounds extraction were significant (R2>0.95). From the results of numerical and graphical optimization methodology, the optimum extraction conditions were achieved at temperature of 130°C for 40-45 minutes. The optimum conditions (130°C, 40 min) were validated with actual polysaccharide and phenol compounds content of 667.5 mg/L and 631.25 mg GAE/L, respectively. The rate of spore wall breaking can become 52.38% after 48 hours of fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum. The high antioxidant activity fungal spore powder was obtained.