Selective recovery of Co(II) over Ni(II), Al(III), and Li(I) from ethylene glycol solution by solvent extraction and precipitation
,
,
,
,
,
,
and
*
Article Sidebar
Full Text: 
PDF
Main Article Content
Abstract
Using “green solvents” like ethylene glycol (EG) to replace water in hydrometallurgical processes is increasingly popular because of its feasibility and environmental friendliness advantages. In this study, the selective recovery behavior of Co(II) over Ni(II), Al(III), and Li(I) from mixed EG and H2O of HCl solution was studied by a combination of solvent extraction and stripping precipitation. The results showed that Co(II) from the EG-H2O solutions was selectively extracted over other metals by ionic liquids, in which ALi-SCN was more efficient than Aliquat 336. The presence of EG offered significant advantages in selectivity and efficiency for Co(II), whereas the effect of HCl concentration in the EG-H2O system was negligible. The selective extraction behavior of ALi-SCN for Co(II) is due to differences in the stability and speciation of metal complexes in the EG-H2O solution. Co(II) from the loaded ALi-SCN was directly precipitated to cobalt oxalate with above 99.9% purity under conditions: 60 min, O/A ratio of 1, and 1:2 of mole ratio of Co(II) to H2C2O4. ALi-SCN solutions after the Co(II) precipitation can be reused several times with selective Co(II) extraction capacity at high performance. Thus, Co(II) recovery from an EG-H2O system through continuous two steps of ALi-SCN extraction and precipitation is feasible.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Alipanah, M., Saha, A. K., Vahidi, E., & Jin, H. (2021). Value recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries: A review on technologies, environmental impacts, economics, and supply chain. Clean Technologies and Recycling, 1(2), 152-184.
Bahta, A., Parker, G. A., & Tuck, D. G. (1997). Critical survey of stability constants of complexes of thiocyanate ion (Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 69(7), 1489-1548.
Batchu, N. K., Dewulf, B., Riaño, S., & Binnemans, K. (2020). Development of a solvometallurgical process for the separation of yttrium and europium by Cyanex 923 from ethylene glycol solutions. Separation and Purification Technology, 235, 116193.
Botelho Junior, A. B., Stopic, S., Friedrich, B., Tenório, J. A. S., & Espinosa, D. C. R. (2021). Cobalt Recovery from Li-Ion Battery Recycling: A Critical Review. Metals, 11(12), 1999.
Chen, G., Yang, H., Li, H., & Tong, L. (2016). Recovery of cobalt as cobalt oxalate from cobalt tailings using moderately thermophilic bioleaching technology and selective sequential extraction. Minerals, 6(3), 67.
Chen, L., Tang, X., Zhang, Y., Li, L., Zeng, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2011). Process for the recovery of cobalt oxalate from spent lithium-ion batteries. Hydrometallurgy, 108(1-2), 80-86.
Cool, V., Riano, S., Van Gerven, T., & Binnemans, K. (2024). Separation of cobalt and nickel from ethylene glycol and glycerol feed solution in chloride media by non-aqueous solvent extraction with Cyphos IL 101. Separation and Purification Technology, 333, 125787.
De Clercq, R., Dusselier, M., & Sels, B. (2017). Heterogeneous catalysis for bio-based polyester monomers from cellulosic biomass: advances, challenges, and prospects. Green Chemistry, 19(21), 5012-5040.
Georgi-Maschler, T., Friedrich, B., Weyhe, R., Heegn, H., & Rutz, M. (2012). Development of a recycling process for Li-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 207, 173-182.
Kang, J., Senanayake, G., Sohn, J., & Shin, S. M. (2010). Recovery of cobalt sulfate from spent lithium ion batteries by reductive leaching and solvent extraction with Cyanex 272. Hydrometallurgy, 100(3-4), 168-171.
Li, X., & Binnemans, K. (2021). Oxidative dissolution of metals in organic solvents. Chemical Reviews, 121(8), 4506-4530.
Li, Z., Dewulf, B., & Binnemans, K. (2021). Nonaqueous solvent extraction for enhanced metal separations: concept, systems, and mechanisms. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 60(48), 17285-17302.
Li, Z., Li, X., Raiguel, S., & Binnemans, K. (2018). Separation of transition metals from rare earths by non-aqueous solvent extraction from ethylene glycol solutions using Aliquat 336. Separation and Purification Technology, 201, 318-326.
Martins, L. S., Guimarães, L. F., Junior, A. B. B., Tenório, J. A. S., & Espinosa, D. C. R. (2021). Electric car battery: An overview on global demand, recycling and future approaches towards sustainability. Journal of Environmental Management, 295, 113091.
Matveichuk, Y. V., Rakhman’Ko, E., & Yasinetskii, V. (2015). Thiocyanate complexes of d metals: Study of aqueous solutions by UV, visible, and IR spectrometry. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 60(1), 100-104.
Mishra, D., Kim, D. J., Ralph, D., Ahn, J. G., & Rhee, Y. H. (2008). Bioleaching of metals from spent lithium ion secondary batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Waste Management, 28(2), 333-338.
Mishra, N. K., Mondal, R., & Singh, P. (2021). Synthesis, characterizations and electrochemical performances of anhydrous CoC2O4 nanorods for pseudocapacitive energy storage applications. RSC Advances, 11(54), 33926-33937.
Nayaka, G., Pai, K., Santhosh, G., & Manjanna, J. (2016). Recovery of cobalt as cobalt oxalate from spent lithium ion batteries by using glycine as leaching agent. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4(2), 2378-2383.
Nguyen, T. H., & Duong, T. H. N. (2020). Separation and recovery of Co (II) and Li (I) from spent lithium-ion mobile phone bat-teries. CTU Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 12(2), 60-67.
Nguyen, V. N. H., & Lee, M. S. (2020a). Separation of Co (II), Cu (II), Ni (II) and Mn (II) from synthetic hydrochloric acid leaching solution of spent lithium ion batteries by solvent extraction. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 56(4), 599-610.
Nguyen, V. N. H., & Lee, M. S. (2020b). Solvent extraction of hydrochloric acid using commercial extractants and synthesized ionic liquids. Resources Recycling, 29(6), 79-87.
Nguyen, V. N. H., & Lee, M. S. (2021). Separation of Co (II), Ni (II), Mn (II) and Li (I) from synthetic sulfuric acid leaching solution of spent lithium ion batteries by solvent extraction. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 96(5), 1205-1217.
Nguyen, V. N. H., Song, S. J., & Lee, M. S. (2022a). Effect of Ethylene Glycol on the dissolution of Palladium with HCl solution containing oxidizing agents and selective precipitation of Pd (IV) compound. Korean Journal of Metals and Materials, 60(7), 502-510.
Nguyen, V. N. H., Song, S. J., & Lee, M. S. (2022b). Separation of palladium and platinum metals by selective and simultaneous leaching and extraction with aqueous/non-aqueous solutions. Hydrometallurgy, 208, 105814.
Pavez, P., Honores, J., Millán, D., & Isaacs, M. (2018). UN sustainable development goals: How can sustainable/green chemistry contribute? Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 13, 154-157.
Pinching, G. D., & Bates, R. G. (1948). Second dissociation constant of oxalic acid from 0 to 50 C, and the pH of certain oxalate buffer solutions. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 40(405.10), 6028.
Prat, D., Wells, A., Hayler, J., Sneddon, H., McElroy, C. R., Abou-Shehada, S., & Dunn, P. J. (2016). CHEM21 selection guide of classical-and less classical-solvents. Green Chemistry, 18(1), 288-296.
Quintero-Almanza, D., Gamiño-Arroyo, Z., Sánchez-Cadena, L. E., Gómez-Castro, F. I., Uribe-Ramírez, A. R., Aguilera-Alvarado, A. F., & Ocampo Carmona, L. M. (2019). Recovery of cobalt from spent lithium-ion mobile phone batteries using liquid–liquid extraction. Batteries, 5(2), 44.
Sasic, S., Zoric, D., Jeremic, M., & Antic-Jovanovic, A. (2001). Study of complex formation in Al (III)–thiocyanate–water system via Raman spectra and factor analysis. Polyhedron, 20(9-10), 839-847.
Träger, T., Friedrich, B., & Weyhe, R. (2015). Recovery concept of value metals from automotive lithium‐ion batteries. Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 87(11), 1550-1557.
Tran, T. T., & Lee, M. S. (2020). Separation of Mo (VI), V (V), Ni (II), Al (III) from synthetic hydrochloric acidic leaching solution of spent catalysts by solvent extraction with ionic liquid. Separation and Purification Technology, 247, 117005.
Tran, T. T., Liu, Y., & Lee, M. S. (2021). Separation of cobalt, nickel, and copper metal using the mixture of HCl in ethylene glycol and Aliquat 336 in kerosene. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 14, 2333-2344.
Velázquez-Martínez, O., Valio, J., Santasalo-Aarnio, A., Reuter, M., & Serna-Guerrero, R. (2019). A critical review of lithium-ion battery recycling processes from a circular economy perspective. Batteries, 5(4), 68.
Wei, Y., Ren, X., Ma, H., Sun, X., Zhang, Y., Kuang, X., Yan, T., Ju, H., Wu, D., & Wei, Q. (2018). CoC2O4·2H2O derived Co3O4 nanorods array: a high-efficiency 1D electrocatalyst for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction. Chemical Communications, 54(12), 1533-1536.
Xin, B., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., Xia, Y., Wu, F., Chen, S., & Li, L. (2009). Bioleaching mechanism of Co and Li from spent lithium-ion battery by the mixed culture of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing and iron-oxidizing bacteria. Bioresource Technology, 100(24), 6163-6169.
Zeng, G., Deng, X., Luo, S., Luo, X., & Zou, J. (2012). A copper-catalyzed bioleaching process for enhancement of cobalt dissolution from spent lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 199, 164-169.