Diseased water hyacinth leaves were collected from 5 different ecosystems in Ho Chi Minh City, then followed by fungal single spore isolation. The fungal isolates were morphologically characterized based on their mycelium, fruiting structures, and spores. The frequency of occurrence of each fungal genus was recorded. The pathogenicity of each isolate on water hyacinth was performed at laboratory conditions and the disease severity (DS) was assessed. A most harmful isolate of each fungal genus was tested for its pathogenicity on plants, associated with water hyacinth. The results showed that 106 fungal isolates were discovered, belonging to seven fungal genera, in which Curvularia spp. and Colletotrichum spp. were classified as very frequent groups with 36.80% and 29.24% of occurrence, respectively, while a frequent group of Rhizoctonia spp. (18.87%) and infrequent groups of Trichoderma spp. (5.67%), Helminthosporium spp. (4.72%), Fusarium spp. (2.83%) and Alternaria spp. (1.89%) were observed. The highest disease severity was found in the genus of Colletotrichum spp. (DS 17.2%), followed by Curvularia spp. (DS 12.7%) and Rhizoctonia spp. (DS 7.1%). All tested fungal isolates were infected plants with various levels of incidence from 0% to 100% depending on fungal genera and host plants.

Antimicrobial peptides Buforin II, derived from histone H2A, demonstrates strong cell-penetrating activity without cell lysis and strong affinity for internal cellular nucleic acids, making it a potential candidate for macromolecule delivery into bacteria. Herein, we designed a peptide that is the fusion of Buforin II and a polycation tail (KH)6 and assessed its efficiency in delivering plasmid (pGEX-RG-(TAG)5, 7,142 bp)  into Escherichia coli OmniMAX. The peptide and plasmid were incubated at 25°C to form the complexes at various peptide concentrations from 5 to 50 µg/mL. After that, the complexes were incubated with the E. coli competent cells at 25°C. In comparison with the transformation efficiency and normalized transformation efficiency of conventional heat-shock method, a 1.28 and 7.83 times higher transformation efficiency, correspondingly,  was achieved by using novel peptide-based delivery system at peptide concentration of 5 µg/mL. The cell viability of over 90% was displayed at peptide concentration of 5 µg/mL. This study can lead to the development of a transformation approach under mild conditions and an ideal tool for gene delivery.

This study examines the long- and short-term effects of financial development on energy security for middle-income countries across the Asia-Pacific region. Using various co-integration estimators, our results show that financial development not only intensifies the overdependence of these economies on fossil fuels but also indirectly makes them sensitive to shocks coming from energy demand and supply. The rapid growth of the urban population increased power demand and, therefore, made these countries rely on unsustainable sources of energy as the most viable solution. Findings from our short-run analysis not only strengthen the results obtained from the long-run equations but also provide many interesting insights. First, a fossil-reliant economy is proven to be detrimental to the development and availability of renewable energy by indirectly making projects entailed with their use economically infeasible. Second, financial development and fossil energy usage are two key forces explaining the rapid growth of these economies.

The paper investigates the mediating relationship between Trade and National Productivity, proxied by economic growth rate in ASEAN from 2012 – 2021. Using data from the ASEAN Statistical Yearbook, this research, first, reinvigorates the positive effects of trade balance on national productivity to improve the international trade literature given new settings and contemporary contexts, second, examines the translating/mediating effects of trade towards economic performance in the ASEAN by a novel approach through the adoption of generalized least squares and structural equation models. Findings show that there is a positive correlation between FDI and economic growth, a negative between trade openness and economic growth. Interestingly, there is the mediating effects of trade towards the FDI-growth relationship, justified by the tremendous uplift after the presence of trade was conducted into the regression. Albeit found compatible, the paper constrains itself since it did not treat the confounding effects of local market characteristics such as governance structures, institutional quality, intervention of fiscal policies, and the monetary circulation as one of the internal factors; to which the present author humbly suggests for future studies. Moreover, because of data unavailability, hypotheses are tested over the 10-year span, which may impede the inference because of macroeconomic-level policy lags.

The article aims to assess the status of community participation and the factors affecting community participation in ecotourism activities at Tan Loc islet, Thot Not district, Can Tho City after the Covid-19 pandemic. This study is conducted through documents, field trips, and questionnaires. The empirical results show five factors affecting community participation: perception of economic benefits, social capital, local resources, local policies, and lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on those mentioned earlier, the paper proposes several solutions to enhance community participation in ecotourism development in this area.

NaY zeolite in this study is novelly synthesized from rice husk ash with a one-stage process instead of passing the solid silica recovery process as usual. NaY zeolite applies to assess adsorption ability of chromium(VI) ions in water with varying key factors. The as-synthesized zeolite is characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope, specific surface area analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with optical emission spectroscopy. As a result, the optimal conditions for silica extraction are at 90oC with a NaOH concentration of 4 M for 4 h with recovery efficiency 87.5%. NaY zeolite is successfully synthesized with Si/Al ratio of 10, aging time of 24 h and crystallization time of 24 h with synthesis yield of 31.25% and crystallinity of 96%. The optimal conditions for the chromium(VI) adsorption in aqueous solution are at pH 2.0, adsorption time of 120 min, initial concentration of 20 mg/L with an adsorbent mass of 0.1 g. The kinetics and adsorption isotherms show a good agreement with pseudo-second order and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. NaY zeolite is synthesized via environmentally friendly approach with time and energy savings and shows its high adsorb-ability of chromium(VI) in water.

Unmanned aerial vehicles have been applied and play a critical role in radio surveillance because of their flexibility, mobility, and likely line-of-sight to ground destinations. Here, UAVs provide LoS links to users in the communication shadow of obstructive buildings. This paper investigates a cognitive radio network system model between unmanned aerial vehicles to transfer information from a licensed primary device to unlicensed users in a secondary network. In which PN users rely on non-orthogonal multiple access to prevent interference with each other. The primary objective of this study is to examine the outage probability of the secondary users with perfect and imperfect successive interference cancellation applications. Finally, we derive the users’ exact closed-form expressions and use Monte Carlo simulations to validate the analytical results.

The study used the Finite element method (FEM) by ANSYS 3D software to calculate the distribution of electromagnetic force (EMF) and temperature on the high voltage and low voltage windings (HLVWs) of the amorphous steel core 3 phase transformer (ASCT) which has a power of 1000kVA –22/0.4kV under different load cases: No load, full load and short circuit (SC). The obtained results show the exact temperature distribution and location where the highest temperature is found on the HLVWs of ASCT. From the analysis of the temperature distribution on the HLVWs, it is shown that when the transformer falls into an SC fault, it causes the greatest EMF and thermodynamic force, causing extremely heavy consequences for the transformers. The obtained results help designers, manufacturers, and operators have the most suitable options to improve strength of SC and increase the life of the transformer.

The pandemic has revealed the differences in how educators use technology to better serve students. This study explored teachers' lived experiences regarding technology use in their teaching functions before the pandemic altered the country's educational system and after the pandemic subsided. It employed descriptive phenomenology as a research design, involving eight college teachers from public and private higher education institutions in Central Visayas, Philippines. A semi-structured interview guide was used, and data were analyzed using the thematic analysis steps. After intensive interpretation and analysis of the data, six themes emerged: 1) pre-pandemic teaching and technology use; 2) changes in teaching and technology use during the pandemic; 3) post-pandemic teaching and technology use; 4) challenges in post-COVID teaching and technology use; 5) opportunities in post-COVID teaching and technology use; and 6) perceptions about the future of teaching and technology use. The results showed that technology has substantially enhanced teaching efficacy and improved technology skills. It is recommended that teachers equip themselves with technological knowledge to meet future demands. For future studies, researchers may focus on exploring how technology affects the health of both teachers and students.

Dendronereis chipolini is an important brackish water polychaete and has been wildly used as fattening feed for marine shrimp broodstocks. Investigation into the effects of salinity on performance of this worm species is fundamental for the development of mass culture procedure to produce feed for fattening shrimp broodstock and reduce pressure on wild catch. The study was conducted in a tank system with an area of 0.25 m2 in which the young worms (0.9±0.2 cm in length and 0.007±0.003 g in body weight) were stocked at 100 inds/tank. Four salinity treatments, including 15, 20, 25, 30 ppt, were designed with three replicates each. The worms were fed once a day at 9 am with commercial shrimp feed at a rate of 3% body weight. After 150 days of rearing, the fastest growth of worms was recorded in 20 ppt. The survival rate was also higher in 20 ppt but no significant difference was found (p>0.05) between treatments. Higher absolute fecundity (103,890±17,389 and 112,740±22,328 eggs/female) was recorded at 20 and 25 ppt, respectively. The males in 20 ppt also produced a higher number of sperms. Overall, the polychaete D. chipolini reared at 20 ppt performed higher growth, survival and reproduction rates.

The rise in water temperature by global warming is of high concern to aquaculturists. In this study, the effects of extracts-based diets on digestive enzymes, and growth performance in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings under elevated temperatures were investigated. Four distinct diets (control, Psidium guajava, (0.2%/kg) – Pg0.2, Phyllanthus amarus (0.5%/kg) – Pa0.5, and a mixture of Pg0.2 and Pa0.5 - Mix.) were administered to fish fingerlings for 42 days, followed by 4 days of temperature elevation. Fish were then continuously subjected for 42 days to temperatures of 27, 31, and 35°C to evaluate enzymatic activities and growth performance of fish. The results showed that although there is no interaction between two experimental factors on digestive enzyme activity and growth performance of fish, Pg0.2 followed by Mix groups accelerated digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylases and pepsin). Besides, enzymatic activities increased from 31°C to 35°C. The highest growth was observed from fish at 35°C followed by those at 31°C (p

The experiment determined the effect of stocking density of snakeskin gourami in the polyculture model with black apple snails. The experiment included four treatments corresponding to four densities of fish (ind./m2): (i, Control): 0, (ii) 3, (iii) 5, and (iv) 7; snails were stocked at 150 snails/m2; each treatment was triplicated. The initial fish’s weight was 12 ± 0.3 g, and the snail’s weight was 0.15 ± 0.01 g. After 120 days of the experiment, the survival rate of fish was 100% in all treatments, whereas the survival rate of snails ranged from 80.22 to 82.44%, and there were no significant differences (p>0.05). Snails in the control treatment obtained the highest specific growth rate (2.68 %/day) and productivity (0.54 kg/m2). In contrast, the specific growth rate and productivity of fish obtained the highest number in treatment iv, with 0.98 %/day and 0.24 kg/m2, respectively. The highest profit was recorded in the treatment with 7 fish/m2, and this was significantly different (p

Oat (Avena Sativa L.) is characterized by a high content of protein with a favorable amino acid composition, β-glucans, and unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the physical properties and sensory value of bread made of wheat combined with oats. The research was to investigate the effects of (i) the proportion of added oat flour (15, 20, 30%); (ii) the fermentation time (60, 75, 90, 105 min); and (iii) baking temperature (200, 210, 220oC) for baking time (10, 15, 20 min) to bread quality with added oat flour. The quality assessment criteria include hardness, moisture content, specific volume, color, and sensory value of the product. According to the results, the most acceptable proportion of oat flour supplement in all of the criteria of bread was found to be 20%. The fermentation time of 90 minutes provided the best texture and highest sensory value for the bread. Oat-wheat bread was baked at 210oC for 20 minutes to obtain a good taste, helping the bread to have a crispy texture, smooth surface, and an attractive yellow-brown color.

Foreign trade is an indispensable activity in the globalization era. Researching the liabilities of parties in performing the sale contracts and the avoidance right of parties in the contracts is a vital issue. Therefore, this article compared Vietnamese Commercial Law 2005 with the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) regarding the avoidance of sale contracts, including the three aspects, fundamental breach, failure in performance obligations of contract at the end of adding time, and anticipatory breach. The findings not only enable Vietnamese merchants to master international rules in establishing foreign trading but also show differences and similarities between Vietnamese law and international rules. By doing that, this article puts forward some implications for rebuilding the definition of “fundamental breach” in Vietnamese commercial law. Also, this paper suggested that the avoidance clause of the Vietnamese law should include the claim to terminate the agreement of the innocent party due to the non-performance party’s failure to fulfill contractual duties at the end of adding time, and the other party will be constituted an “anticipatory breach”.

The hit problem, set up by F. Peterson, finds a minimal set of generators for the polynomial algebra P(s)=F_2 [x_1,x_2,…,x_s ], as a module over the mod-2 Steenrod algebra. We study the extended hit problem for the cohomology of the classifying space 〖BE〗_s over field F_3, P(s)=H^* 〖B(RP^∞ )〗^s=E(x_1,x_2,…,x_s )⨂F_p [y_1,y_2,…,y_s ], with s=3 at degrees d ≤10.

From the standpoint of preserving the Earth's resources and ensuring the long-term viability of humanity, it is imperative to transition away from lithium-ion batteries. High-performance and safe sodium-ion batteries have recently emerged as promising advanced batteries for application in stationary energy storage, attributed to their low cost and abundance of sodium ion. We demonstrate the compatibility and effect of the negative-positive capacity ratio in full-cell Na3V2(PO4)3 and hard carbon in high-concentration electrolytes. Thanks to the excellent oxidation stability of the electrolyte, during 100 cycles, the full cell with a negative-positive capacity ratio of 1.1 demonstrated a consistent capacity of around 100 mAh g-1 with a capacity retention of 90.7%, whereas the full cell with a ratio of 1.0 showed a steady discharge capacity of roughly 90 mAh g-1 with a capacity retention of approaching 100% at a current density of C/5.