Au Xuan Sam , Phuong Hoang Yen and Nguyen Thi Huong Lan *

* Corresponding author: Nguyen Thi Huong Lan (email: lannth@hnue.edu.vn)

Main Article Content

Abstract

As English-medium instruction (EMI) programs have expanded rapidly in Vietnam as a result of educational globalisation, more research is needed in this field. This study aims to promote EMI lecturers’ professional development and enhance teaching quality by identifying the needs of content lecturers in Vietnamese higher education, in order to gain a more comprehensive insight into appropriate support and policy development. Data were collected via questionnaires distributed to EMI lecturers (n=33) and in-depth interviews with six participants. The findings show that EMI lecturers required professional development support, particularly in improving their pedagogical competencies and English language proficiency. They also expressed a desire for collaboration with colleagues. In addition, this study identified lecturers' specific needs for institutional support, with particular emphasis on teaching materials and resources. These insights contribute to the existing literature and provide helpful suggestions for supporting EMI lecturers in similar settings.

Keywords: EMI, higher education, professional development, Vietnamese lecturer needs

Article Details

References

Aguilar, M. (2017). Engineering lecturers’ views on CLIL and EMI. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20(6), 722-735. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2015.1073664

Alhassan, A., Bora, S. F., & Abdalla, Y. A. (2022). Collaboration with EAP teachers in English‐medium instruction contexts in higher education: Content lecturer perspectives. TESOL Journal, 13(1), e610. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.610

Ball, P., & Lindsay, D. (2013). Language demands and support for English-medium instruction in tertiary education. Learning from a specific context. English-medium instruction at universities: Global challenges, 4466. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847698162-007

Banks, M. (2018). Exploring EMI lecturers’ attitudes and needs. EPiC Series in Language and Linguistics, 3(1), 19-26.

Beaumont, B. (2020). Identifying in-service support for lecturers working in English medium instruction contexts. In M. Carrió-Pastor (Ed.), Internationalising learning in higher education (pp. 83–110). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21587-3_5

Beltrán-Palanques, V. (2021). Emi lecturers’ training needs: Towards the construction of a measurement instrument. https://doi.org/10.14198/raei.2021.34.04

Bouchrika, I. (2022). The andragogy approach: Knowles’ adult learning theory principles. Research. com. https://research.com/education/the-andragogy-approach

Bradford, A. (2016). Toward a typology of implementation challenges facing English-medium instruction in higher education: Evidence from Japan. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20(4), 339-356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315316647165

Bradford, A., Park, S., & Brown, H. (2024). Professional development in English-medium instruction: Faculty attitudes in South Korea and Japan. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(8), 3143-3157. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2086559

Chau, D. P. Q. (2017). Teachers' attitude towards teacher collaboration for professional development. Journal of Inquiry into Languages and Cultures. 1(2), 10-22

Costa, F., & Coleman, J. A. (2013). A survey of English-medium instruction in Italian higher education. International journal of bilingual education and bilingualism, 16(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2012.676621

Creswell, J. W. (2018). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Higher Ed

Curdt-Christiansen, X. L., Gao, B., & Sun, B. (2023). How to kill two birds with one stone: EMI teachers’ needs in higher education in China. Applied Linguistics Review, 14(6), 1513-1538. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2021-0178

Dafouz, E. (2011). English as the medium of instruction in Spanish contexts. In R. de Zarobe, J. M. Sierra, and F. G. del Puerto (Eds.), Content and Language Integrated Learning. Contributions to Multilingualism in European Contexts. Berlin: Peter Lang (pp. 189-209).

Dafouz, E. (2018). English-medium instruction and teacher education programmes in higher education: Ideological forces and imagined identities at work. International journal of bilingual education and bilingualism, 21(5), 540-552.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2018.1487926

Dafouz, E., & Smit, U. (2020). ROAD-MAPPING English medium education in the internationalised university. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Dearden, J. (2014). English as a medium of instruction-a growing global phenomenon. British Council.

Dearden, J., Macaro, E., & Akincioglu, M. (2016). English medium instruction in universities: A collaborative experiment in Turkey. Studies in English Language Teaching, 4(1), 51-76. https://doi.org/10.22158/selt.v4n1p51

Dornyei, Z. (2010). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford university press.

Fenton-Smith, B., Humphreys, P., & Walkinshaw, I. (2017). English medium instruction in higher education in Asia-Pacific (p. 195). New York, NY: Springer International Publishing.

Galloway, N., & Ruegg, R. (2022). English medium instruction (EMI) lecturer support needs in Japan and China. System, 105, 102728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102728

Galloway, N., Curle, S., Jablonkai, R. R., Mittelmeier, J., Sahan, K., & Veitch, A. (2020). English in higher education: English medium instruction literature review. British Council. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/L020_English_HE_lit_review_FINAL.pdf

Galloway, N., Kriukow, J., & Numajiri, T. (2017). Internationalisation, higher education and the growing demand for English: An investigation into the English medium of instruction (EMI) movement in China and Japan. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/H035%20ELTRA%20Internationalisation_HE_and%20the%20growing%20demand%20for%20English%20A4_FINAL_WEB.pdf

Goodman, B. A. (2014). Implementing English as a medium of instruction in a Ukrainian University: Challenges, adjustments, and opportunities. International Journal of Pedagogies and learning, 9(2), 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/18334105.2014.11082026

Guarda, M., & Helm, F. (2017). A survey of lecturers’ needs and feedback on EMI training. Sharing perspectives on English-medium instruction, 167-194.

Hoang, L., Tran, L. T., & Pham, H. H. (2018). Vietnamese government policies and practices in internationalisation of higher education. In L. Tran & S. Marginson (Eds.), Internationalisation in Vietnamese higher education (pp. 19-42). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78492-2_2

Hu, G., Li, L., & Lei, J. (2014). English-medium instruction at a Chinese University: Rhetoric and reality. Language policy, 13, 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-013-9298-3

Huang, Y. P. (2012). Design and implementation of English-medium courses in higher education in Taiwan: A qualitative case study. English Teaching & Learning, 36(1), 1-51.
https://doi.org/10.6330/ETL.2012.36.1.01

Jiang, L., Zhang, L. J., & May, S. (2016). Implementing English-medium instruction (EMI) in China: Teachers’ practices and perceptions, and students’ learning motivation and needs. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 22(2), 107-119.https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1231166

Kim, C., Kim, M. K., Lee, C., Spector, J. M., & DeMeester, K. (2013). Teacher beliefs and technology integration. Teaching and Teacher Education, 29, 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.08.005

Lasagabaster, D. (2018). Fostering team teaching: Mapping out a research agenda for English-medium instruction at university level. Language Teaching, 51(3), 400-416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444818000113

Le, D. M. (2012). English as a medium of instruction at tertiary education system in Vietnam. Journal of Asia TEFL, 9(2), 97-122.

Lin, A. M. (2018). Language across the curriculum & CLIL in English as an additional language (EAL) contexts. TESOL in Context, 27(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.21153/tesol2018vol27no1art774774

Lo, Y. Y., & Macaro, E. (2012). The medium of instruction and classroom interaction: Evidence from Hong Kong secondary schools. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 15(1), 29-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2011.588307

Macaro, E. (2018). English medium instruction.

Macaro, E. (2020). Exploring the role of language in English medium instruction. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 23(3), 263-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2019.1620678

Macaro, E., & Han, S. (2020). English medium instruction in China’s higher education: Teachers’ perspectives of competencies, certification and professional development. Journal of multilingual and multicultural development, 41(3), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2019.1611838

Macaro, E., & Tian, L. (2023). Developing EMI teachers through a collaborative research model. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 44(10), 1076-1091. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1862131

Macaro, E., Akincioglu, M., & Han, S. (2020). English medium instruction in higher education: Teacher perspectives on professional development and certification. International journal of applied linguistics, 30(1), 144-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12272

Macaro, E., Curle, S., Pun, J., An, J., & Dearden, J. (2018). A systematic review of English medium instruction in higher education. Language teaching, 51(1), 36-76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444817000350

Mancho Bares, G., & Arnó Macià, E. (2017). EMI lecturer training programmes and academic literacies: A critical insight from ESP. ESP today, 5(2), 266-290. https://doi.org/10.18485/esptoday.2017.5.2.7

Mathison, S. (1988). Why triangulate?. Educational researcher, 17(2), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X017002013

Metzger, K. J. (2015). Collaborative teaching practices in undergraduate active learning classrooms: A report of faculty team teaching models and student reflections from two biology courses. Bioscene: Journal of College Biology Teaching, 41(1), 3-9.

Mok, K. H. (2007). Questing for internationalization of universities in Asia: Critical reflections. Journal of studies in international education, 11(3-4), 433-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315306291945

Morell, T. (2018). Multimodal competence and effective interactive lecturing. System, 77, 70-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.12.006

Nguyen, H. T., Hamid, M. O., & Moni, K. (2016). English-medium instruction and self-governance in higher education: The journey of a Vietnamese university through the institutional autonomy regime. Higher Education, 72, 669-683.

Nguyen, H. T., Walkinshaw, I., & Pham, H. H. (2017). EMI programs in a Vietnamese university: Language, pedagogy and policy issues. English medium instruction in higher education in Asia-Pacific: From policy to pedagogy, 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51976-0_3

Nguyen, N., & Tran, L. T. (2018). Looking inward or outward? Vietnam higher education at the superhighway of globalization: Culture, values and changes. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 11(1), 28-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/1751 6234.2017.1332457

Nguyen, T. T. H. (2024). Students' perceptions of interaction practices in English medium instruction classrooms at a Vietnamese technical university. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, 40(2), 67-85. https://doi.org/10.63023/2525-2445/jfs.ulis.5251

O'Dowd, R. (2018). The training and accreditation of teachers for English medium instruction: An overview of practice in European universities. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(5), 553-563. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2018.1491945

Pérez Cañado, M. L. (2018). Innovations and challenges in CLIL teacher training. Theory Into Practice, 57(3), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2018.1492238

Piquer Píriz, A. M., & Castellano Risco, I. O. (2021). Lecturers’ training needs in EMI programmes: Beyond language competence. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348900006_Lecturers'_Training_Needs_in_EMI_Programmes_Beyond_Language_Competence

Prime Minister. (2008). Decision 1400/QD-TTg Approving the Scheme “Foreign Language Teaching and Learning in National Education System Period 2008–2020”. https://www.scribd.com/document/237474972/National-Foreign-Language-2020-Project-English-Translations

Rose, H., Curle, S., Aizawa, I., & Thompson, G. (2020). What drives success in English medium taught courses? The interplay between language proficiency, academic skills, and motivation. Studies in Higher Education, 45(11), 2149-2161. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1590690

Rumjaun, A., & Narod, F. (2020). Social learning theory—albert bandura. Science education in theory and practice: An introductory guide to learning theory, 85-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43620-9_7

Silalahi, R. M. (2019). Understanding Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development for learning. Polyglot: Jurnal Ilmiah, 15(2), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.19166/pji.v15i2.1544

Smit, U., & Dafouz, E. (2012). Integrating content and language in higher education: An introduction to English-medium policies, conceptual issues and research practices across Europe. Aila Review, 25(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.25.01smi

Tran, L. T., & Nguyen, H. T. (2018). Internationalisation of higher education in Vietnam through English Medium Instruction (EMI): Practices, tensions and implications for local language policies. In Multilingual education yearbook 2018: Internationalization, stakeholders & multilingual education contexts (pp. 91-106). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Uehara, T., & Kojima, N. (2021). Prioritizing English-Medium Instruction Teachers' Needs for Faculty Development and Institutional Support: A Best–Worst Scaling Approach. Education Sciences, 11(8), 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080384

Unterberger, B. (2014). English-medium degree programmes in Austrian tertiary business studies (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. thesis, University of Vienna (http://othes. univie. ac. at/33961)(accessed 3 October 2015)).

Unterberger, B., & Wilhelmer, N. (2011). English-medium education in economics and business studies: Capturing the status quo at Austrian universities. ITL-International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 161(1), 90-110. https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.161.06unt

Valcke, J., & Wilkinson, R. (2017). Integrating Content and Language in Higher Education: Perspectives on Professional Practice. Peter Lang Publishing Group. 29 Broadway 18th Floor, New York, NY 10006.

Vu, N. T., & Burns, A. (2014). English as a medium of instruction: Challenges for Vietnamese tertiary lecturers. Journal of Asia TEFL, 11(3).

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (Vol. 86). Harvard university press. https://home.fau.edu/musgrove/web/vygotsky1978.pdf

Westbrook, P., & Henriksen, B. (2011). Bridging the linguistic and affective gaps. the impact of a short, tailor-made language course on a Danish university lecturer’s ability to lecture with confidence in English. In R. Cancino, L. Dam, & K. Jæger (Eds.), Policies, principles, practices: New directions in foreign language education in the era of educational globalization, 2011, 188-212.

Yang, K. (2021). University Teachers' Perceptions of English Medium Instruction in a Sino-UK Transnational University in China (Doctoral dissertation, Hong Kong Baptist University).

Yuan, R. (2020). Promoting EMI teacher development in EFL higher education contexts: A teacher educator’s reflections. Relc Journal, 51(2), 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688219878886

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>